How does electric car work?

 

Electric cars are making big waves in the automobile world. The induction motor has two main parts: the stator and the rotor. The rotor is simply a collection of conducting bars short-circuited by end rings. A three phase AC power input is given to the stator. The three-phase alternating current in the coils produces a rotating magnetic field. The tesla motor produces a four-pole magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field that induces current on the rotor bars to make it turn. In an induction motor the rotor always lags the RMF. An induction motor has neither brushes nor a permanent magnet. At the same time, it is robust and powerful.  The beauty of an induction motor is that its speed depends on the frequency of the AC power supply. So just by varying the frequency of the power supply we will be able to alter the drive wheel speed. This simple fact makes electric car speed control easy and reliable. The motor supply is from a variable frequency drive which in turn controls motor speed. The motor speed can range from 0-18000 rpm. This is the most sizable advantage electric cars have when compared to internal combustion cars. An internal combustion engine produces usable torque and power output only within limited speed range. Therefore, directly connecting the engine rotation to the drive wheel is not a clever idea. A transmission must be introduced to vary the drive wheel speed. On the other hand, an induction motor will work efficiently in any speed range. Thus, no speed varying transmission is needed for an electric car moreover an IC engine does not produce direct rotational motion. The linear motion of the piston must be connected to rotational motion. This causes major problems for mechanical balancing. Not only is the internal combustion engine not self-started like an induction motor further, but the power output of an IC engine is also always uneven. Many accessories are needed to share these issues. On the other hand, you will have direct rotational motion and uniform power output with an induction motor, many components in the IC engine can be avoided here as a result of these factors, a great response rate and higher power to weight ratio comes naturally to an induction motor resulting is superior vehicle performance. The motor receive power from a battery pack. The battery produces DC power so before supply get to a motor it has to be connected to AC. An inverter is used for this purpose. This power electronic device also controls the AC power frequency thus controlling the motor speed. Moreover, the invertor can even vary the amplitude of the ac power which in turn will control the motor power output. Thus, the invertor acts as the brain of the electric car. A collection of common lithium-ion cells like those used in your daily life. The cells are connected in a combination of series and parallel to produce the power required to run your electric car. Glycol coolant is passed through metallic inner tubes through the gaps between the cells. This is one principal innovation of Tesla, by using many small cells instead of few big cells. Effective cooling is guaranteed. This minimizes thermal hot sports and even temperature distribution is achieved leading t higher battery pack life. The cells are arranged as detachable modules. There are 16 such modules in the batter pack consisting around 7000 cells.